To accelerate the quality improvement and upgrading of traditional industries and their green and low-carbon development, Now, the "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Steel Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Non-ferrous Metals Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Food Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Chemical Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Building Materials Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Light Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Textile and Garment Industry", "Green Transformation Guidelines for the Pharmaceutical Industry", and "Green Transformation of the Construction Machinery Industry" are being formulated The "Guidelines for Manufacturing" have been issued to you. Please, in light of your actual conditions, do a good job in organizing and implementing them. We should focus on the harmless treatment of raw materials, clean production, low-carbon energy, resource utilization of waste, and green products. We need to intensify publicity and interpretation efforts, guide enterprises to continuously enhance the green level of production processes, technologies and equipment, as well as the efficiency of resource and energy utilization, and accelerate the comprehensive green transformation and development.
I. Key Points of Renovation
For key areas and links of key varieties such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc and silicon, with a focus on core processes like smelting, electrolysis, refining and casting, efforts should be made to promote the green upgrading of production processes, key equipment and auxiliary facilities, and implement full-process low-carbon and clean transformation.
Ii. Transformation Path
(1) Harmless raw materials
1. Copper smelting: Promote the use of low-arsenic copper concentrate and low-fluorine-chlorine copper-containing materials to control the input of impurities such as arsenic, fluorine and chlorine from the source. Promote and apply bio-leaching technology to gradually replace traditional roasting processes and prevent the volatilization of heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury. Promote fluorine-free fluxes to replace fluorite and effectively control fluorine emissions.
2. Aluminum smelting: Promote the clean treatment of raw materials, develop and demonstrate organic desilsifiers to replace the strong alkali dissolution process. Strengthen the research and development of pretreatment technology for calcium-free bauxite to reduce the alkaline pollution of red mud. Encourage the use of low-sulfur petroleum coke to replace high-sulfur fuels and reduce sulfur oxide emissions.
3. Lead-zinc smelting: Give priority to using low-cadmium and low-arsenic lead-zinc concentrates and control the input of harmful elements. Promote the oxygen bottom-blowing (side-blowing) smelting process to reduce the emissions of lead dust and sulfides. Promote the co-processing of metal-containing wastes such as lead paste and lead-zinc slag to enhance the level of resource recycling and utilization.
4. Silicon smelting: Strengthen the research and application of green hydrogen and biochar reduction processes to replace traditional carbon-based reducing agents and reduce carbon emissions and dust generation. Develop chlorine recycling technology to replace the direct discharge of silicon tetrachloride and achieve efficient reuse of chlorine resources. Promote the application of high-purity quartz sand raw materials to reduce the content of iron and aluminum impurities.
(2) Production purification
1. Copper smelting: Promote and apply advanced processes such as oxygen-enriched molten pool smelting, flash smelting + oxygen-enriched blowing, and be equipped with efficient desulfurization technologies such as hydrogen peroxide, ionic liquid, and sodium-alkali method to reduce SO2 emissions. Promote the combination of high-efficiency bag filters and wet electrostatic precipitators to strengthen the control of particulate matter.
2. Aluminum smelting: Fully promote the fully enclosed gas collection and dry adsorption purification technology of pre-baked anode electrolytic cells to reduce fluoride emissions. Integrate the combined denitration technology of selective non-catalytic reduction and selective catalytic reduction with the cyclic adsorption of alumina powder to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. Promote the automatic cleaning system of anode steel claws to reduce the concentration of asphalt fumes and meet the ultra-low emission limit requirements for electrolytic aluminum.
3. Lead-zinc smelting: Promote efficient hydrometallurgical zinc smelting technology, large-scale roasting technology for zinc concentrate, porous medium combustion technology, side-blowing reduction smelting powder coal immersion injection and other technologies. Encourage the adoption of coal injection technology to configure particulate matter capture devices such as turbulent tower dust removal, wet electrostatic precipitators, and membrane-coated bag filters to reduce pollution emissions.
4. Silicon smelting: Encourage the adoption of fully enclosed submerged arc furnaces and stepwise utilization systems for waste heat to reduce unorganized emissions. Encourage the adoption of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction denitrification technology to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Develop a closed-loop recovery process for chlorosilane, enhance the comprehensive utilization rate of silicon tetrachloride, and promote the attainment of clean production standards for polysilicon.
(3) Low-carbon energy
1. Optimization of energy consumption structure: Explore the application of clean low-carbon hydrogen and biomass energy in high-temperature smelting and refining processes to increase the proportion of clean energy. Promote the use of heat pump devices to recover waste heat resources such as industrial wastewater and waste gas for the preparation of high-temperature steam, and expand the application scenarios of heat pumps. Promote electric heating technology and advance the electrification transformation of terminal equipment such as smelting furnaces, electrolytic cells, and refining furnaces. Encourage enterprises to build industrial green microgrids to achieve efficient complementary utilization of multiple energy sources and reduce energy costs.
2. Energy cascade utilization: Enhance the comprehensive utilization of waste heat and energy in a stepwise manner, recover the waste heat from furnace flue gas and high-temperature melts in a stepwise way, promote the direct supply technology of molten aluminum, and avoid energy consumption during remelting. Encourage the strengthening of energy and carbon monitoring in industries, the construction of digital energy and carbon management systems, and the continuous improvement of energy conservation and carbon reduction management capabilities to effectively support the improvement of energy utilization efficiency and the reduction of carbon emissions.
3. Equipment Renewal: Strengthen the implementation of equipment renewal and upgrading for key energy-consuming products such as motors, fans, pumps, air compressors, transformers, air conditioners, and lighting fixtures. After the renovation, the energy efficiency of general equipment should reach the mandatory energy efficiency standard level 2 or above, promoting the improvement of energy efficiency.
(4) Waste resource utilization
Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of resources such as copper soot and arsenic slag, and improve the utilization rate of resources. Encourage the improvement of the usability of red mud from the source, promote the online alkali reduction and heat-free drying process technology of red mud, and reduce the alkali content and moisture content of red mud. Expand the scale of utilization of existing channels, encourage enterprises to increase the extraction of elements such as iron, aluminum and calcium from red mud, and promote the production of products such as iron oxide powder, ferrosilicon powder, silicon-aluminum powder, high-calcium aluminum powder and aluminum-iron powder from red mud. Expand the comprehensive utilization scenarios of red mud and support the application of red mud modification technology in engineering construction fields such as subgrade materials, pavement materials, and foundation sites. Encourage existing alumina enterprises to build comprehensive utilization projects for red mud as supporting facilities.
(V) Product greening
Centering on a series of non-ferrous products such as fine alumina, electrolytic aluminum, lead ingots, cathode copper, and polycrystalline silicon, in accordance with the concept of the entire life cycle, we focus on five aspects: resource attributes, energy attributes, environmental attributes, quality attributes, and low-carbon attributes. During the product design and production stage, we systematically reduce the impact of each link on resources and the environment, minimize resource consumption, and develop green design products.
